Undirected singing rate as a non-invasive tool for welfare monitoring in isolated male zebra finches.
Research on the songbird zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) has advanced our behavioral, hormonal, neuronal, and genetic understanding of vocal learning.However, little is known about the impact of typical experimental manipulations on the welfare of these birds.Here we explore whether the undirected singing rate can be used as an indicator of welfa